Simplistic approach to grouping children education essay

Inside this exposition I will focus on the class of passionate and conduct inconveniences. I will frontal area many key attributes all through the article, for example, capacity of the teachers talking about the peaceful duties and the achievements educators should have the option to furnish for the child with an additional interest, impacts the activity may hang on larning for a man furthermore the rest of the classification, here I will focus on how their additional interest may affect the child by and by and achievement in school, I will so go on and talk about how an educator can oblige their exercises to run into the understudy ‘s requests and in the long run issues in naming the students with the additional interest. ( Woolfolck et al, 2007, p165 ) states â€Å" Emotional and conduct upsets are practices that debase such a great amount from the standard that they meddle with the child ‘s ain developing and improvement as well as the lives of others † . 30 % of essential and 38 % of auxiliary children related to these additional requests. ( DfES, 2004 ) . Understudies with EBD are often observed to hold a much more clear and more noteworthy occupation than grouchiness or fiendishness however non so extensive to be classed as a psychological unwellness. Troublesome children can intentionally meddle with or divert others, and pulled back or kicking the bucket children may battle with focus taking them to fall behind in class. ( Long, 2000 ) Hollahan and Kauffman ( 1994 ) propose there are two sort in puting kids with an enthusiastic and conduct upset in these are disguising and anticipating. They accept that kids who will in general be overactive, uncooperative, defiance, unfriendly and coldblooded are demoing anticipating conduct. Anyway understudies who have employments with, cultural backdown, blame, melancholy, tension and hapless equivalent dealingss are demoing characteristics of disguising practices. By classifying these highlights you can see that anticipating practices are a clump progressively open and pull most joining in, while disguising practices regularly go unnoticed as they do n't hold the prominent of anticipating practices. A teacher ‘s work in the schoolroom is basic, they are liable for providing and creating larning to accommodate all children inside the schoolroom. As since a long time ago proposed in his quote there has been a move off from the oversimplified assault of holding gatherings of children isolated and it has gotten a bunch progressively comprehensive. â€Å" Based on the feeling that it is the privilege of all researchers to a nature of guidance that satisfies fundamental larning needs † ( www.unesco.org/training got to on 30 November 2010 ) . Besides to this quote the incorporation of all understudies in standard schoolrooms and schools is segment of an incredible overall human rights movement, which requires the full consideration of each individual understudy in all aspects of life. One plan an educator may use to make with incorporation is on the off chance that they have understudies with EBD is to look for and nature all children to go companions and build an incredib le reverberation with them, by making this the understudy will go to encounter like he/she is bit of something and experience a bunch progressively positive about obtaining associated with working with rises to they know great. This may other than chop down mischievous activities because of the reality the child may non want to permit down the rest of their equivalents who are currently companions and so forth. The teacher ‘s work in descrying the difficulties is significant. It is of import to put EBD each piece ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances with the goal that help can be given. An understudy with suspected EBD should hold their conduct observed intently so specialists can quantify the understudy ‘s requests. For delineation, you could accept of an understudy ( or gathering of understudies ) and investigate their conduct against following average occurrences. Kids with enthusiastic and social difficulties require a wide range of kinds of peaceful requests. Clebsc and Jackle determine peaceful consideration as â€Å" helping Acts of the Apostless, done by agent people, coordinated toward repairing, dragging out, directing and pleasing of pained people whose issues emerge with regards to extreme essentialness and concerns † ( Grossoehme, 1999, p3 ) . Kids with this agitated may, happen it difficult to sort out cordial connections, habitually seem distracted and thus happen it difficult to procure engaged with exercises, experience difficulty keeping up on embraced and even in some most extreme examples have a phobic issue of school itself. It is the teacher ‘s obligation to descry these highlights and exchange with them reasonably. Educators who have understudies in their class with EBD have numerous peaceful obligations and achievements to have the option to run into the requests of that particular child. Aside from guardians, educators see the child more than any other individual and could be an of import start of depiction for experts outside the schoolroom. The peaceful ordinary occupations of all teachers incorporate, progressing and protecting the health, prosperity and wellbeing of understudies, providing counsel and approach to students on issues identified with their guidance, working in organization with guardians, bolster staff and different experts and loaning towards great request and the more extensive requests of the school. Increasingly focussed on helping understudies with EBD there are an extent of endeavors they will require to move out, these are things like taking a functioning contribution in the conduct of the understudies, advance great conduct and offer them bolster what's more elevate them to expand achievements or even keep up high degrees ( hypertext move convention:/www.snct.org.uk/library/127/Glasgow_LNCT_-_pastoral_care.pdf got to on first December 2010 ) . Anyway it is the teachers capacity to other than run into these requests, kids with EBD do non cognize the proper behavior and make non see how their conduct influences different children in the class. It is cardinal to demo them various approaches to act and to be unyielding on acceptable conduct. Regularly inadmissible conduct has a trigger point. Recognizing this can help you to step in and end the conduct occurring. Basic trigger focuses when understudies are working in gatherings or in classes incorporate such things as: aë†?moving around the room ( to move up stuff ) aë†?sitting with an exceptional understudy or gathering aë†?not understanding what is needed from them aë†?not holding support for the endeavor they have been set aë†?sharing assets. Similarly terrible conduct and great conduct are found out and you can design the kind of good conduct that all understudies ( and especially those with EBD ) need so as to work speedily in school ( hypertext move convention:/www.napta.org.uk/art_ebd.html got to on first December 2010 ) . There are numerous approaches on run intoing the specific instructive requests of children. For example, the SEN Code of Practice which was adequate from January 2002 this strategy takes history of the Particular Educational Needs and Disability Act ( 2001 ) and â€Å" gives down to earth counsel to Local Authorities, looked after schools, early guidance scenes and others on moving out their legal duties to place, rear end and do stipulation for understudy ‘s specific instructive requests. In any case â€Å" Removing Barriers to Achievement-the Government ‘s Strategy for SEN † ( 2004 ) , is the central approach which centers around early mediation they diagram numerous plans which incorporate taking hindrances to securing, raising standpoints and Achievement and in the long run introducing Improvements in Partnership. ( Reference ) Some enthusiastic and conduct occupations might be fleeting and can be managed using standard peaceful plans. Yet, others are intricate to such an extent that outside experts should be included to help the child header with everyday life and procurement. There are many help agencies who work intimately with schools to help kids with their occupations, for example, cultural passionate and social difficulties affiliation what's more youthful heads. â€Å" Young Minds is the taking cause focused on bettering the passionate prosperity of children and juvenile individuals and approving their folks and considerations ( hypertext move convention:/www.youngminds.org.uk/got to on 3 December 2010 ) . They run numerous runs and endeavors to get the best out of the children who are suffering from passionate difficulties. Other than the child might be alluded to the Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health Service unit which is ordinarily situated at a neighborhood clinic. Or on the other hand you can ask for the child to be seen by the Educational Psychologist or a Pediatrician. The occupations may go so horrible the child may hold to see a Consultant Psychotherapist one time a hebdomad or more and on the off chance that it ‘s doing tasks with the entire family unit so they may see a Family Counselor each other hebdomad. Shockingly holding EBD may affect an understudy ‘s advancement what's more instructive achievement in schools. Kids with EBD are at extraordinary risk of under-accomplishment, instructively and in their self-awareness. They can other than intrude on the guidance of others. Numerous employments may occur inside the school scene for both the teacher and understudy, they much of the time experience inconveniences, for example, experience difficulty keeping up on embraced, regularly become sad or have tantrums for no obvious ground, have low confidence and oftentimes become survivors of endures, become endures themselves, be excessively consideration looking for through either negative conduct or tenacity and underachieve in numerous nations of the school course of study. As you can think about a child who plays out every one of these highlights is making a trip to happen it hard to larn anything in the schoolroom and subsequently non achieve his/her best. This is the thing that ca uses non simply the child to fall behind yet may other than hold an effect on the rest of the classification, for representation if a child is relentlessly being crazy

Galapagos islands Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Galapagos islands - Research Paper Example Likewise, mariners have utilized the islands as a food source and rest stop for many years. The mix has been an ecological catastrophe. Endeavors have been made during that time to control the loss of local creature populaces due to man’s indiscretion yet some have become terminated at any rate, a disgrace anyplace that may happen yet particularly so for these specific islands. The possibility of development was shaped before Darwin’s birth yet it was his book On Origin of the Species that advanced the idea. This book is the wellspring of most totally instructed people’s information on the science right up 'til the present time. Obviously since it’s composing researchers have extended the field of information in regards to the developmental procedure. In spite of the fact that Darwin had examined the advancement, his compositions recommend that he despite everything put stock in the scriptural record of creation before boarding the H.M.S. Beagle on its jou rney to the Pacific Ocean, that it was good with natural development hypothesis. When he came back from the islands and altogether contemplated the proof he had brought back, his idea of the formation of man had developed to simply a logical clarification. The types of creatures found on the Galapagos are not normal for some other, anyplace on the planet. Darwin watched a flying creature, a kind of Finch, was fundamentally the same as yet had marginally various qualities relying upon the specific island they possessed. Strangely, every island is immensely unique. One resembles a desert, a second like a marsh backwoods, a third has a thick timberland, a fourth subtropical woods normally discovered uniquely in higher heights, a fifth green plain-like conditions, etc. He perceived that the Finch’s were diverse in light of the fact that they had created specific physical highlights intended to adjust to the varying conditions. Darwin guessed that a solitary kind of Finch traveled to the islands initially at that point, through natural transformative procedure, formed into a few distinct animal varieties more than a great many years. The Galapagos Island chain is genuinely new, geographically. It was framed by a progression of volcanic emissions happening somewhere in the range of three and 5,000,000 years prior. Darwin comprehended that the island’s segregated area more likely than not offered life the open door for a fresh start. â€Å"Seeing each stature delegated with its cavity, and the limits of the majority of the magma streams still particular, we are persuaded that inside a period, topographically later, the solid sea was here spread out,† he recorded in his Journal of Researches. â€Å"Hence, both in existence, we appear to be brought fairly close to that extraordinary truth, that riddle of puzzles, the primary appearance of new creatures on this earth.† (Sulloway, 2005). As it were, the conditions inalienable in the islands wa s a one of a kind chance to see how advancement happens over a generally quick timeframe over an exceptionally short separation, the ideal research facility to affirm perceptions and hypotheses. At the point when he came back to his home in England, Darwin, alongside a regarded ornithologist (winged animal master) recognized 13 diverse finch species he had brought again from the Galapagos. The ornithologist was puzzled in light of the fact that he realized that just a single types of finch lived on the whole South American Continent which was the main attainable area from which a fowl that size could arrive at the Galapagos without need to land. He likewise saw that the bills

Business Owners Struggle to Access Credit in Low-Income Areas of Chicago - OppLoans

Business Owners Struggle to Access Credit in Low-Income Areas of Chicago - OppLoans Business Owners Struggle to Access Credit in Low-Income Areas of Chicago Business Owners Struggle to Access Credit in Low-Income Areas of ChicagoInside Subprime: September 12, 2019By Lindsay FrankelSmall business owners in low-income areas of Chicago and across Illinois have a harder time getting bank loans than those in richer areas, according to a new report from nonprofit The Woodstock Institute. Though bank lending has increased overall in Chicago, small businesses and startups located in low-income census tracts or in communities with large minority populations have disproportionate access to capital.Businesses located in low-income areas accounted for 24.5 percent of all businesses in the region, yet only 19.7 percent of loans under $100,000 were issued to these businesses between 2015 and 2017. Similarly, while 48.7 percent of businesses were located in neighborhoods with high minority populations, they only received 42 percent of small business loans during the two-year period.In Downstate Illinois, the divide was even greater, with some areas sho wing disparities of greater than 10 percentage points. Unlike Chicago, most of these areas have also seen a decrease in small business lending.Unfortunately, predatory lenders target the same populations that banks reject, often adding financial strain to struggling businesses.Small businesses in low-income and minority communities that struggle to access credit may turn to merchant cash advances, which carry the same risks as payday loans in Chicago. While not technically considered loans, these advances carry high interest rates that trap borrowers in debt, forcing them to renew their contracts, a behavior that the industry relies on for revenue.Deavay Tyler, executive vice president of the Illinois Black Chamber of Commerce, said the growth of small businesses is most inhibited by a lack of access to credit, especially for minority-owned companies. In some cases, racism is the driving issue: “There’s a perception in the banking community that a loan for a business in the mino rity community is just going to be harder,” said Tyler. “They don’t give the borrower the benefit of the doubt.” The Woodstock Institute recommends that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the U.S. Justice Department further analyze the results to determine if racism is at play. The nonprofit also suggests that lenders be required to disclose the race and gender of borrowers.Tyler added that both business owners and banks need more education and training to dissolve the disparity.Woodstock president Dory Rand said CRA reform and other regulations are essential to ensuring all businesses have equal access to capital and “that it’s no longer the norm that whiter and wealthier neighborhoods receive a disproportionate share of small business loans.”Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Florida, Ohio, and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Causes And Influences Of The Great Depression - 1782 Words

The Great Depression is a period synonymous with excruciating poverty and darkness worldwide. It can be said that an undeniable impact was felt upon all of the world’s nations - although it can also be said that not all countries were affected negatively. At the time, the majority of the powers of the world were - for the most part - all very much entwined both politically and economically. Thus, the research from this point on will cover not only what caused the depression, but how it impacted each of the major powers of the Asia-Pacific, those being; the United States, China, Japan, and Russia (the former USSR). An in depth analysis of the Great Depression reveals that the United States suffered huge losses, while China, Japan, and the Soviet Union were relatively unaffected. Cause of Great Depression: Let’s begin by exploring the major causes and influences of the great depression. The most common belief held by many is that the great depression was triggered by the crash of the stock market in 1929, however while human nature requests that things fall into simplistic narrative (Ie. stocks crash, therefore economy follows suit) there is in reality no simple, concise answer to what caused the great depression. In the case of the stock market crash, it is simply a case of correlation not equaling causation. Just because the depression occurred soon after the stock market crash, does not mean it caused it. The roaring twenties was a fantastic time full of large scaleShow MoreRelatedMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Depression Depression is one of the most common therapeutic topics. There are many effects that lead to major depression and thus require distinctive therapy methods. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeksema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must haveRead MoreDepression : Cause, Causes And Effects Of Depression1116 Words   |  5 Pagessweating and dizziness. Anxiety may cause physical exhaustion and general ill health. Effects of depression When someone is found in such a condition the primary effects observed are the various signs and symptoms caused by a particular situation, thought, physical state, emotions or actions which brought about the depression. The effects of depression are mostly observed in the physical state as the symptoms portrays on the person who is in a depressed state. Depression can result into condition whichRead MoreTeen Depression : Genetics Or Situational Cause Word Count1379 Words   |  6 PagesTeen Depression: Genetics or Situational Cause Word count:1225 Does genetics or a child’s environment and surroundings have a greater impact on causing teen depression? â€Å"Rates of depression and anxiety among teenagers have increased by 70 per cent in the past 25 years† (Bedell 1). Teen depression, whether caused by the situation the teen is in, (getting a bad a grade, family relationships, and how they were raised), or it being genetics getting passed down to the teen from parents, depression isRead MoreThe Great Depression Was One Of America Crucial Time For1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression was one of America crucial time for unemployment’s, banks failed, and many family suffered in this era. Great Depression lasted 10 years from 1929 to 1939 it was the worst economic upset in the history of the industrialized world. It started off on â€Å"Black Thursday† investor and traders sold 12.9 million of stock in one day which ended up triple the usual amount and the next couple of days’ stock pr ices dropped 23 percent which was called the stock market crash of 1929. This beganRead MoreHow The Great Depression Affects The World Economy1215 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper will be discussing the Great Depression; it will analyze the causes and the events that led to this depression, focusing on the role of Keynesian economics during that time. This article will briefly compare the 1920 downturn with the great recession and discuss the possibility of another depression affecting the world economy. The Great Depression The Great Depression was described as the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the industrialized worldRead MoreIsolationism And The Great Depression And World War II1172 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign policy of isolationism that led to the Great Depression and World War II. However, this is a historical misconception known as the myth of isolationism because the U.S. followed a foreign policy in the 1920s called independent internationalism, which was a new idea to promote economic diplomacy through peaceful relations and non-military intervention. In Jeremi Suri’s Opt-Ed article, Trump is repeating the isolationism that led to the Great Depression and WWII, he argues that Donald Trump is followingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthat can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, som atic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their life with feeling blue or sad. Depression, however is a medical condition to where the person feels a stronger sadness for a lot longer than normal. Depression can be mild, severe or chronicRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1527 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is known as a mood disorder that almost 14.8 million American adults are diagnosed with. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"it causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.† If someone has shown these symptoms for at least two weeks, they most likely are dealing with the dreaded depression. There are four different types of depression that include: persistent depressive disorder, perinatalRead MoreThe Great Depression Affects The Americans1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the biggest events in the 1920s since it had huge effects both socially and economically.  Starting with the stock market crash, millions of investors were bankrupted and thousands of workers were unemployed. Over the next several years, not only did the consumer spending drop, the number of investment lowered as well. Until 1939, when the President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Relief and reform measures which finally help the economy to restart. ThroughRead MoreI Feel Therefore I Am1065 Words   |  4 PagesI Feel Therefore I Am Have you ever met that one person that is never in a good mood? Always sleeping, never eating or just walks around like a zombie? Depression can alter multiple different aspects of your social, behavioral and professional life. If depression was to go untreated it could lead to serious life altering changes which in turn could drive you deeper in to the depressed state. It has been proven that while depressed people are affected with poor concentration and indecisiveness.

Rhetorical Analysis One Day A Messenger - 1189 Words

One day a messenger arrived to enlighten the characters on the importance of â€Å"judgment day.† While focusing on the misguided impression that materialism will not matter in the day of reckoning, the consequences of sin in the end are briefly illustrated. Soon after God advises them of the forgotten significance of the crucifixion. He notes that all of humanity is inconsiderate of him, less mindful of their spirtuality as they invest more into worldly possessions. We get into the seven deadly sins amidst defining our worth with our financial assets, which consequentially every year our good fortune is deteriorating. As many of us can agree, modern culture rejects you if you’re not making a lucrative living. With intentions of preventing society from uncivilized, God establishes valuation. By way of an immediate reporting time, Death arrives to accept his directions. He carries out the orders to broadcast a pilgrimage to all humankind. Without the accomplishm ent of a united final reckoning, he promises harshness in his search for all who live outside of our creator’s instructions. While observing Everyman going about his business, while their minds are centered on worldly possessions, he is summoned to remain still and asked if he has forgotten that the Lord has provided his blessings. Scripture warns people how easy it is to forget God, appropriately, God appoints Death to warn Everyman. The journey is long, and he is instructed to carry a full book of hisShow MoreRelatedMalala Yousafzai ´s Speech Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagespeople should be equal. Then she said: Malala day is not my day. Today is the day of every woman, every boy and every girl who have raised their voice for their rights. There are hundreds of Human rights activists and social workers who are not only speaking for human rights, but who are struggling to achieve their goals of education, peace and equality. Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured. I am just one of them The candid and disinterested voice ofRead MoreRhetoric : Rhetoric And Composition5982 Words   |  24 PagesThe subject of this course is rhetoric, the effective use of language. Basically, rhetoric is about people communicating to other people who have an investment in the same issue or topic. This course introduces students to college-level writing and analysis. That means you can expect to develop critical writing strategies that should help you succeed in college. The focus of this course, however, is not only college writing; we will also address the kinds of writing and reading skills that are importantRead MoreIslam Is A Religion Of Violence1965 Words   |  8 Pagesclaims the future of the world’s relationship with Muslims will be determined by which of the two minority groups, the Medina Muslims or the Muslim reformers, wins the support of the Meccan majority. Upon deeper analysis of the article, the author’s argument is ineffective because of the rhetorical techniques the author uses to convince an educated audience that the religious doctrine is the root cause of violent extremism. Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a Somali-born Dutch activist, writer, and politician. SheRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesthe night when Antigone attempts to bury her brother for the first time. Her second attempt at burial occurs at noon the following day, when Antigone is apprehended. She is convicted and kept overnight in a cell. The next morning she is taken to a cave, her place of entombment. On Thebes: Thebes was the most important city of Boeotia, on mainland Greece. It was one of the chief city-states of ancient Greece, after Athens and Sparta. Sophocles described it as â€Å"the only city where mortal women areRead MoreExegetical Paper on James 2:18-263102 Words   |  13 PagesHistorical-Cultural Context 5 Literary Context 6 Analysis of Text 7 James 2:18-19: Objections to False Faith 7 James 2:20-24: Examples of Faith 9 Verses 2:25-26: Rahab 11 Conclusion 11 Appendix A: Block Diagram of James 2:18-26 Using the ESV Bible 13 Introduction Throughout the history of the Bible, few words have had more controversy than the words, faith, works, and justification. James’ uses a powerful interrogative to pose the rhetorical question about helping those in need. 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By thy long gray beard and glittering eye, Now wherefore stoppst thou me? 13. blank verse: poetry written in meter but containing no ending rhyme. Lines of verse contain forms closest to that of natural speaking, yet are flexible and adaptiveRead MoreLeadership Lessons of Jesus Christ4625 Words   |  19 PagesGreg Meholick Research Paper The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments asRead More The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay4531 Words   |  19 PagesThe Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1 st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a good leader—in his historical role—so hisRead MoreCorporate Communications - the Case of the Walt Disney Company13529 Words   |  55 Pagesof best practice identified in the academic literature. The systems, techniques and technologies employed can all be considered exemplars of corporate communication delivery based on a four-stage communications audit we have undertaken (albeit it‟s one conducted from a distant perspective that lacks the intimacy of a site visit). The communication audit reveals best practice in: Prominence of the CEO in decision making Oversight by a dedicated person at Executive Board level A massive investment in

Rate of Juvenile Offenses and the Juvenile Justice System

â€Å"Palm Beach County, Fla. -- On May 26, 2000, 13-year-old Nathaniel Brazill shot his teacher, Barry Grunow, with a .25 caliber handgun in school. Palm Beach County prosecutors tried Brazill as an adult for first degree murder. The jury found Brazill guilty of second-degree murder and the judge sentenced him to 28 years in an adult facility. After his release, Brazill will face two years of house arrest and five years of probation.† (Klug) Does this sentence appear too severe, or perhaps too tolerant? Without understanding all of the specifics involved in the case, it may be harder to conclude what would be the best thing to do with 13-year-old Brazill. What exact details would an individual need to know in order to judge him†¦show more content†¦One of the main factors that cause the complexity is that with each approach come certain doctrines on the differences between juveniles and adults; but more importantly, how these dissimilarities should affect legal policies. It will be up to voters, legislators, and groups to conclude what steps we will take to curb the growing tendency of juvenile misdeed and aggression. Imagining juvenile delinquents as our own younger siblings, or possibly our own children gone astray will help us to make the strong conclusions engaged in treating juvenile delinquents. As school students, we are the next generation of voters, legislators, and public leaders. In alignment for us to make the best conclusions for troubled adolescents we must be acquainted of the numerous ways we can go about handling juvenile delinquents. Each method of treatment is quite perplexed so we must take care to realize the issues to the fullest possible span. To double-check that juvenile delinquents are being treated fairly, we must make our conclusions with as much concern for their well-being as we can, as well as keeping in mind the best concerns of humanity. As voters, we can start to form policies in the ways we see fit for battling juvenile offenses and aggression. Perhaps some of our own preferred procedures for treating young kids are echoed in the current outlooks of the public in the direction ofShow MoreRelatedGender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses1650 Words   |  7 PagesGender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses University of Utah Rachel Brough Juvenile status offenses are minor offenses that only apply to those under the age of 18 such as skipping school or running away from home. Other examples include curfew violations, possession and consumption of alcohol, and possession and use of tobacco. Theories such as the labeling theory and Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory attempt to explain why females commit juvenile status offenses. Additional theoriesRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System1307 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The behavior of a repeat or habitual criminal.† Juvenile offenders are studied on the re-offense that will occur and it is said that from 70% to 90% of offenders will re-offend. In the light of the criminal justice system and recidivism there is not actual consensus on what a criminal recidivism counts as, for example whether it counts as a repeat probation violation. National data that exist proves that 6 out of 10 juveniles return to juvenile court before their 18th b irthday. You have to wonderRead MoreOutgrowing Juvenile Justice: Jamal Vick Case Study Raises Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesIn Outgrowing Juvenile Justice, Michael Jonas (2001) raises several important issues concerning juvenile justice policies and practices. In discussing Jamal Vick, a range of youth crime issues surfaces, including: †¢ Balancing treatment verses punishment †¢ Responses to serious juvenile offenders o Waiver into the adult criminal justice system o Utilize the juvenile justice system o Blend elements of both the adult system and the juvenile system †¢ Youth in confinement o Growing numbers of youthRead MoreThe Effects Of Restorative Justice On Juvenile Recidivism1407 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable on the effects of restorative justice on juvenile recidivism range from meta-analyses of multiple studies to individual program studies. According to Bradshaw and Roseborough (2005), â€Å"The use of meta-analytic methods provides a useful means for summarizing diverse research findings across restorative justice studies and synthesizing these findings in an objective manner.† (p. 19). Four meta-analytic studies reveal an overall reduction in juvenile recidivism (Bradshaw and Roseborough 2005;Read MoreEssay on Juvenile Justice1506 Words   |  7 PagesPortfolio on Juvenile Status Offenders A juvenile status offender is a youth charged with an offense that is not consider a crime if committed by an adult; this would include but not limited to running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school, or beyond a parents control. Status offenders are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but violating a court order can find them as delinquent who can result in being place in a correction or detention facility. Read MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Creating A Criminal Class758 Words   |  4 PagesSuch reactions and critiques of the juvenile justice system enforce the notion that the juvenile system is creating a criminal class. Black’s theory states that patterns of relationships between the parties involved in a case predict the styles and forms of social control, relationships between intimates would result in more informal handling of cases. Law and formal control arise when informal control is weak and unavailable. Legal co ntrol by the state develops when social control of familiesRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Offenders699 Words   |  3 PagesJuvenile Offenders Should Juveniles be waived to adult court Philosophy 14 Nov 98 Should juveniles be waived to adult court. There has been tension between teens (pre-teens) and adults for thousands of years, and the question how to deal with the youth of a culture, in a punishment sense, has been with us for just as long. Socrates, for example, stated that children show little respect for there elders. Since Socrates time largely due to the spread of guns and drugs, younger and younger childrenRead MoreFemale Youth And The Juvenile System Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFemales in the Juvenile System In beginning my research on females in the juvenile justice system, I was shocked to see how many of the new female juvenile statistics had increased and were gradually catching up on the juvenile male statistics. The numbers have been growing every year, and may soon surpass the numbers the boys have held for so many years. It makes me sit back and wonder what in the world is going on with our female youth in today’s society to cause such a slight, in some casesRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues to rise (and extremely much higher rates in the 2000’s) that portions of juvenile offenders commit most of the chronic, and violent, crimes of juvenile offenders. In a study conducted by Philadelphia birth cohort (Figlio, Wolfgang, Sellin, 1972) found that these â€Å"chronic offenders† (including having five or more police contact activities) in whole, constituted six percent of the cohort, and a rising figure of 18 percent of all delinquents. The juvenile offenders were again responsible for theRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages I would request that Senator Perkins vote against the proposed amendments to the Juvenile Act. Part A Although public safety is both a legitimate and justifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courts

Black Male Identity and the Embodiment- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Fact that Fashion or Clothing Styles can be used for showing Personality or Inner State of a Human Individual. Answer: The American basketball and Russell Westbrook has become the fashion icon for beholding a unique sense of fashion statement. The persona has not only earned goodwill for being an efficient point guard for the Oklahoma City Thunder but also has caught the eyes of the audience by impressing them with a style that states his personality towards life and basketball fearlessness. Following the conceptual point of view of Ronald Barthes semiotics, the motive of the project will be to establish the fact that fashion or clothing styles can be used for showing personality or inner state of a human individual. The first article, called - The Hot, cool and gone in the twenty-first century: Black male identity and the embodiment of early jazz improvisation by McClendon and Alphonso D has attempted to establish the thesis that the African American males has gradually influenced the mainstream culture and more precisely the fashion by their distinct style statements. More precisely, the article has attempted to establish the fact that the black male identity in the United States of America has been gradually making its position by their fashion style. Following the aforementioned thesis statement of the considered article, the article has concentrated on to illustrate varied case studies of Afro-American males, who have made their positions potential by their styles and achievements (McClendon and Alphonso). The article has pointed out the fact that in the second decade of the present era of twenty-first century, the definition of being historically cool and calm is being depicted by the perfo rmance of cool by the afro-American males. Moreover, the article asserts that the athletes, musicians as well as media heighten the former behavior; however, it emerged again when the black males surpass the racial, class as well as sexual identities. According to the article, the aforementioned fact is worth admitting if activities regarding style and attitude of Kanye West, Chris Brown and Russell Westbrook can be considered. In each of the above-mentioned players, there seems an amalgamated tension of supremacy, masculinity and precisely of Dandyism. The article asserts that the distinctive style and behavior of the new Afro-American males have highly influenced the mainstream society of USA. The second article named The Semiotic Animal in Roland Barthes: A Reflection on Calculating the Self as Difference in Man by Seema K Ladsaria and Rajni Singh has been built on the thesis that says the animal metaphor offers a precise understanding into the human self. More precisely, the thesis says that through the phases of being and co-being, the animal metaphor gives an in-depth understanding towards human self. In order to establish the aforementioned thesis, the article goes on to concentrate chiefly on the concept of semiotic animal offered by John Deely along with the reference of Roland Barthes (Ladsaria et al.). Concentrating on the aforementioned concept, the article has asserted the fact that human individuals are frequently considered as rational animals as they are capable in doing reasoning as well as thinking. The article has analyzed the concept of semiotic animal by Roland Barthes in order to study his idea and him as a mind-dependant individual, who has discovered a unique contrast between ens reale and ens rationis. The article shows an attempt to explore elaborately Barthes semiological underpinnings those have been identified in the distinct form of varied rhetorical tropes. In order to do that, the considered article has pointed out Barthes accomplishment in reading physical body from the signs of tissues, which are driven chiefly by human unconscious desires. The article has finally understood the fact that the concept of semiotic animal is responsible for concealing a subjects ego. References Ladsaria, Seema K., and Rajni Singh. "The Semiotic Animal in Roland Barthes: A Reflection on Calculating the Self as Difference in Man." (2016). McClendon, Alphonso D. "Hot, cool and gone in the twenty-first century: Black male identity and the embodiment of early jazz improvisation."Interactions: Studies in Communication Culture6.3 (2015): 323-341

Human Trafficking in the U.S.A Essay Example

Human Trafficking in the U.S.A Essay Researched Argument Human trafficking is also called modern day slavery and is defined as holding someone illegally and against their will by form of deception and coercion and turning them into laborers and prostitutes without paying them. It is hard to believe that in the twenty first century, slavery still exists especially here at home and right under our noses. This has been an ongoing problem since the nineteenth century. A lot of people were trafficked into the United States and sold as slaves. Back then there were no laws that stated that it was illegal to traffic human beings and turn hem into slaves. It all starts with a walk through the park in a remote part of Mexico. A young girl named Paloma is taking a stroll to get away from all the stressors in her life. Her mother is very ill and they cannot afford to get her better medical treatment because they are very poor. They live in a shack in Mexico and Paloma has endured a lot of abuse and struggle in her short life there. She was born into poverty and has withstood a lifetime of struggle and this has made her develop a hardy personality. She believes she can face the challenges and come out stronger and better in order o be able to get her family out of indigence. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in the U.S.A specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in the U.S.A specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in the U.S.A specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Paloma is approached by an older gentleman who presents himself as an outstanding, prominent businessman with a lot of businesses across Mexico and the United States. He promises her a great escape from the impoverished life she has led. He promises her an education and a job which will help her pay back the money she would owe him for getting her to America. The sixteen year old lady is smitten by the offer and accepts it without even thinking twice. All she can think about is getting her family a better life than what they have been living. Her prince charming has emerged from nowhere and has come to save her. Little does Paloma know that when they arrive to the United States she is going to be a victim of human trafficking rather than the educated secretary that she thought she would be. She ends up being held captive for six months in a dinky apartment in a place that she cannot recognize and forced to submit to the mans demands and needs. Paloma ends up cooking, cleaning and being raped by her captor. He threatens her family with harm and takes all her documents in order to prevent her from escaping. Her prince charming has turned into a beast. During the turn of the century, human trafficking has become inhumane and a lot of people want to be free and live on their own means. Most of the captured slaves back in the day lived in their masters compounds and could not own anything or even have the right to vote. The creation of the 13th. Amendment which state that Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their Jurisdiction. , slavery has been formally abolished. The United States has reated a law to prevent and protect the victims like the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 which was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. According to Dr. Potocky who is a specialist in refugee resettlement, human rights, international social work, and research methodology TVPA focused on international trafficking, including reducing tr afficking globally, providing assistance to immigrant victims ot trafficking in the United States, and prosecuting traffickers (Potocky 373). Human trafficking has been a major social injustice and the United States must do more to ombat it because the laws are not being enforced properly, it is continuously increasing, and this is due to weak penalties. The TVPA was established in 2000 and was supposed to protect victims of human trafficking and it has yet to curb this crime. Also, statistics show that the number of victims has continuously increased since the mid-1990s and the number of convictions and arrests of traffickers has declined. There are thousands of people in this country who are still going through torture and abuse with no place to turn for help. Lack of enforcement. The TVPA has been amended four times in 2003, 2005, 2008 and 2011 but its pplication and adaptation has been a Joke. To support this claim, research shows that the government is worried about messing the relationship with other countries if they put stricter laws to combat trafficking. The government does not want to put it as number one in their political agenda. As the author Feingold asserts United States sanctions will likely be applied only against countries already subject to sanctions, such as Burma or North Korea (Feingold 30). This shows that the United States government is scared to threaten countries like China or Saudi Arabia because hey do not want to mess the political and economic relationship with them and are just willing to sanction the countries they do not get along with. The laws which are already in place like the TVPA are not strongly enforced making it easier for smugglers to get away with the crime. This is due to corrupt law officials, Judges and prosecutors. Human trafficking is a high profit 13 billion dollar organized crime industry according to a theological ethics professor, Tran. A lot of these criminals are rendering bribes to the officials and in return, they are getting their cases tossed out. So, instead of the police protecting and serving the victims as they are sworn in to do, they are associating with the traffickers and making money out of this crime. This kind of greed pushes way the victims and they get scared of approaching law enforcers to report this type of crime. The author Tran is surely right about the bribery because a lot of sources like Tran, Hodge and Kara have shown that a lot of trafficking crimes are being fuelled by corrupt people in politics and law enforcers. The victims are also scared for their lives because of constant threats and intimidation. Many victims believe that the police are corrupt individuals and are as scared of them as much as they are scared of their captors According to Hodge, an associate professor in the School of Social Work at Arizona State University and who has also written widely on social Justice, cultural diversity, and social inclusion, Another way to help protect women and children is to advocate for stricter penalties for traffickers and consistent enforcement of existing laws (Hodge 15). He asserts that in order to stop the act of human trafficking in the United States, the laws put forth need to be taken seriously and strongly enforced. Until this is done, the victims are going to keep on suffering in the hands of their captors without much or any help. To counter this argument, some research claims that the united states has thoroughly enforced the laws set forth to combat human trafficking. When it comes to human trafficking, the United States needs to amend stricter laws to combat it. This is because human trafficking has been on a steady rise since the 1990s until now. A though this is true that organized crimes are involved in human trafficking, it is nevertheless also true that it mostly involves simple, next door, disorganized criminals. According to Feingold who is a director of the Ophidian Research Institute and international coordinator for HIV/AIDS there is no standard profile on traffickers. They range from truck drivers and village aunties to labor brokers and police officers. (Feingold 28). The authors theory is useful because it sheds light on the fact that anyone can be a trafficker without being involved in a big gang. There are many people like the man who charmed Paloma who are regular people with smooth antics to lure people. Paloma was not kidnapped; she agreed to leave with the man voluntarily in hopes of bettering herself. Family members from destitute families also sell their children and spouses in order to get dowry to survive on. Feingold concedes that organized crime bosses like the late Pablo Escobar are not easy to find. Even if they are involved in human trafficking, they are most likely to be purchasers than transporters. There are a lot of factors that provide a breeding ground for traffickers by taking advantage of the desperate people. According to Kara who is an author, activist and one of the worlds foremost experts on modern day slavery and human trafficking, economic instability, lawlessness, corruption, war and poverty keep on romoting human trafficking. The people are prone to be victims because they are willing to listen to the criminals in hopes of having a better life but at the end they end up falling victims of modern slavery. On the other hand, the author Hughes who is a leading international researcher on human trafficking maintains that prosecution declined in the 1990s even as exploitation of women and children on the internet has increased (Hughes 121). This goes to show that Kara and Hughes both agree that human trafficking has been on the increase in the last decade and a half. To further support this claim, research on human trafficking has been done by some researchers but my best evidence comes from The Journal of International Migration. Authors Gozdziak and Collett are well known researchers who have reviewed existing literature on this topic and come up with startling facts about it. The article claims that there are a number of slippery statistics going on and they are all from the U. S State Department (Gozdziak et al 108). For years the government has been producing quoted estimates of the number of trafficked victims but they are not revealing the methods used to get the data. The numbers have been revised three times between the years of 1999 to 2003 and there is a significant difference in numbers. The surprising fact is that a lot of agencies both local and international are using this statistics instead of conducting their own independent research. Every time the Department of State gets questioned about the differences in numbers, they just say that it is improved methodology which is creating the differences without giving the exact way they come up with it. In the review done by Gozdiak and Collett the number of trafficking victims entering the United States has been revised at east three times: down from 45,000 to 50,000, a figure reached by the.. ClA) in 1999, to 18,000 to 20,000 victims reported in 2003, and even further down to 14,500 to 17,500 (Gozdziak et al 108). This goes to show that the government itself is not sure about its faulty statistics and research is also not backing them. In support of this claim, more research needs to be conducted to find out where the government gets their information. This is because most of the sources that are being used in this p aper do agree that the tgures 1 00 victims in the United States are basically unaccounted for. The author Potocky agrees that the methodology used by the State Department has not been detailed and that the estimates simply disappear from the departments annual report. None of the other sources have come forward and supported Gozdziak, Collett and Potockys claim that the data is incorrect and messy. Also the United States tends to concentrate more in protecting their borders than stopping prostitution and trafficking. They are more concerned with illegal immigrants getting their way into the country and amending stricter U. S immigration policies. While this is a good way to protect the country, the United States is not aking into consideration the fact that this is encouraging human trafficking. According to Tran Unfortunately, this focus on security works to the benefit of organized traffickers (Tran 3). By focusing on homeland security, the government overlooks the deeper issue of trafficking because the illegal immigrants end up putting themselves in the hands of smugglers and end up being snuck into the country and ending up as victims of trafficking. Those unfamiliar with human trafficking may be interested to know that it basically boils down to the counterargument of whether the United States has enough resources to combat uman resources. The truth is that the United States claims that it does not have enough financial resources to combat this type of crime. According to the Department of State website Through targeted foreign assistance, the TIP Office funds programs that address human trafficking, the act of obtaining or maintaining another person in compelled service. (Baca). The state has been looking for grants from other nations to help combat trafficking. When the grants are allocated, they hold a grant competition and different organizations compete for the money with the exception of for profit organizations. The organizations have asked for a total of 95 million dollars in funds but the state budget is only 750,000 dollars. With this kind of figures, how do we expect the United States to combat human trafficking? Another problem is the fact that the United States only convicts a small percentage of traffickers compared to the huge amount of victims here. Potocky agrees when she writes that When U. S attorneys decide to prosecute a. case, the conviction rate is very high: 96%. However, U. S attorneys decline to prosecute app 60% of cases (Potocky 375). She also asserts that between 2001 and 2007, there were 449 ederal prosecutions and 342 of them were human trafficking convictions. With this trend going on, the only conclusion is that there is a big problem with prosecution of the traffickers. Feingold supports Potockys claim by stating that from the year 2001 to the year 2003, 110 traffickers were prosecuted but only 77 pled guilty or were convicted. The reason that the trafficking convictions are so scarce also lies with the mindsets of the victims. According to Hodge, the victims are scared to testify against the attackers because most of the traffickers get out of Jail soon after their arrest. Author Davis who has been involved in the fight to end modern day slavery since 2003 when he became the Goodwill Ambassador for the organization Face to Face Bulgaria claims that tra ffickers are also very hard to track since they move their victims from one place to another.. Paloma on the other hand is a very lucky girl because she managed to escape her captor and is now in witness protection and lives here in America, fighting to rescue victims of human trafficking. Not everyone nas the chance to escape alive because it they are caught, death is the only choice they have. The United States needs to come up with other solutions to combat this heinous crime and some people have suggested legalizing prostitution. Some countries like Netherlands have legalized adult prostitution and the results have been a significant increase in child prostitution according to Hodge. The State Department agrees when they write that, Where prostitution is legalized or tolerated, there is a greater demand for human trafficking victims and nearly always an increase in the number of women and children trafficked into commercial sex slavery. (Feingold 28). So this is not a solution to the problem but Just adding fuel to he fire. Sweden has the Swedish Model which is a law that was put forth to combat trafficking. The law criminalizes the customers who buy sex instead of the prostitutes while in Thailand, they opt to extend labor and social security laws to the sex workers. Both countries have a large group that opposes and assert that these kind of laws will increase trafficking and criminals. The United States does criminalize people who sleep with prostitutes and also arrest any party involved in the act including the prostitutes themselves. Make human trafficking zero tolerance to where nyone caught trafficking or helping someone who is a trafficker is put away for good or handed hard labor. Educate the social workers and law enforcement officials on how to better detect victims of human trafficking. This is because there are a lot of victims who are being arrested and deported back to their prospective countries because they are mistaken for Just illegal immigrants. These victims are not given a chance to explain themselves because this is a very Judgmental country and Just your accent can make anyone suspicious. How many times have people been discriminated against because they looked different and talked different? We all live in a world which is unjust and unequal. People are Just marred by greed and end up forgetting the morals they were taught when young. The government is too busy with bad politics and covering their tracks instead of protecting its people, the laws of our country are becoming an abomination because of lack of enforcement. Young innocent girls like Paloma, peoples mothers, husbands, and children are being tortured and abused all in the name of making money. It is up to our country to establish better laws and enforce them strongly in order to end human trafficking. The government needs to make the laws so tough to the point where no one would want to break them. Instead of giving traffickers a year or five in prison, give them a lifetime sentence because they are denying other humans a right to freedom. Let everyone put themselves in Palomas shoes and think of what she went through. It is not only the government which should take steps to stop this atrocity but for all the citizens of this nation. Educate each other about the morals of society by holding informational meetings and inviting victims and task force members to speak at schools and other functions. Look out for the people who work around you and learn to identify a victim from how they behave. The victims can be the workers in the strip clubs you frequent, or a maid in a friends house or a dish washer in your favorite diner. Also, look out for those false front agencies, massage parlors and brothels which are set up to lure victims. With the community helping to combat human trafficking, the government should have the sense to amend stricter laws to end trafficking and put forth enough money to help the agencies which are working hard to end it . Let the modern day slavery come to an end betore you tall victim ot it ourself, it is a small world and what goes around, simply comes back around. You might escape it but what about your children. No one wants slavery to be legal again, so why should human trafficking be condoned? Works Cited Baca D. Lou. FY 2014 solicitation. U. S Department of state. 17 oct. 2013. web. 10 Nov. 2013. Davis, Michael Cory. Human Trafficking. Hispanic 20. 8: 46-48. Academic search premier. sept. 2007. web. 25 sept. 2013. Feingold, David. Human Trafficking. Foreign Policy, No. 150: 26-30, 3230. Jstor. Aug. 2005. web. 28 sept. 2013. Gozdziak, M. Elzbieta. , and Elizabeth A. Collett. Research on Human Trafficking In North America: A Review of Literature. International Migration 43. 1/2 (2005): 99-128. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. Hodge, David R. Sexual Trafficking In The United States: A Domestic Problem With Transnational Dimensions. Social Work 53. 2: 143-152. 2008. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. Hughes, Donna M. Prostitution Online. Journal of Trauma Practice 2. 3/4: 115-131. Academic Search Premier. 2003. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. Kara, Siddharth. Supply And Demand. Harvard International Review 33. 2 (201 1): 66-71. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. Potocky, Miriam. The Travesty of Human Trafficking: A Decade of Failed U. S. Policy. Social Work 55(4), 373-5. Proquest. Oct. 2010. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. Schiller, Ben. US Slaverys Diaspora: Black Atlantic History at the Crossroads of Race, Enslavement, and Colonisation. Slavery Abolition 32. 2: 199-212. Historical Abstracts. June 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Tran, Jonathan. Sold into Slavery. Christian century 124 (24): 22-6. SIRS Issues Researcher. 27 NOV. 2007 web. 24 Sep. 2013. http://www. loc. gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment. html

buy custom Exploration of the Arab-American Muslim Community essay

buy custom Exploration of the Arab-American Muslim Community essay Arab-Americans comprise an ethnicity consisting of groups of people from 22 countries spread across south-west Asia and North Africa. Some refer to them as Middle Eastern. These people immigrated to America during the 19th century and continue to do so up to date, albeit in smaller numbers. The majority of the easily identified Arab-Americans are Muslims even though they are the minority of the community. The Muslim Arab-Americans mostly stand out because of their religious and traditional practices. The noticeable practices of the Muslim Arabs are: Ramadan fasting, attending of Mosque on Friday, among others. These people also commonly stand out because of their dressing especially the women who wear hijabs or burqas. The burqa is an enveloping and modest attire that covers the body from head to toe and is mostly worn by Islamic women in public. The men also sometimes spot long beards. Unlike other foreign cultures and ethnicities in the United States, the Arab American Muslims have maintained their traditions; consistently passing them onto their children. This being evident from the learning that takes place in open Islamic private schools (Samhan). These noticeable features coupled with the fact that these Muslim Arabs do not inter-marry, makes the community an easy target for discrimination and bigotry. Their distinguishing features have also formed the basis of the stereotyping of Arab Muslims living in America. Hamza, Yaseen, El-Houbi, Duncan and Diaz (18) explain that most media channels in the early years typecast Arab Muslims as billionaires, bombers with veiled harems and long beards. Most of these stereotypes have since been done away with but the image of a Muslim bomber or terrorist has remained. The US census classifies the Arabs as whites but some Arabs especially the Muslims have felt discriminated against. This has mostly been experienced since the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001. There was however discrimination of Arab Muslims pre the September 11 attacks. The first wave of Arab American immigrants was confronted with discrimination on the simple ground that they were foreign but it was not that rampant. The Arab-Israeli conflict increased bias against the Middle Eastern culture owing to the fact that America supported Israel. Discrimination against Arab American Muslims was also experienced because of the war that America had been fighting in Iraq against Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein was a dictator who had committed heinous crimes against humanity and was finally captured and hanged by the US government in 2006. These images of dictators and wars from Middle East had served as a way of stereotyping Middle Eastern people since that was the only way they were portrayed by the media. Discrimination against Arab-Americans was however not so pronounced as that of the other races and ethnicities such as blacks and Hispanics. Discrimination however increased with the images in the media and also terror attacks such as the 1993 bombing of World Trade Centre. A new wave of stereotyping and extreme bias became evident following the terrorist attacks in New York in 2001. This discrimination was based on the fact that the terror gang in Afghanistan identified as Al Qaeda was said to be responsible for the twin attacks. The hijackers of the planes that crashed into the twin towers were all identified as Muslims. The attacks saw Muslim Arabs in America all pigeonholed as terrorists. This was mostly seen in the airports where some even refused to board planes with a Muslim passenger. There has also been closer scrutiny of immigrants from Middle East. In some airports, the Muslim Arabs have been subjected to stricter standards. Personally, I must admit that after the terror attacks, I became more alert and conscious about the Muslims around me. The terror attacks made Americans angry as many had lost their lives and some still suffer the adverse effects of the tragedy. In some States, it was reported that Muslims were insulted in public and atta cked. Mosques were also vandalized and burnt in some places. Extreme hatred and contempt was also shown to anyone who associated themselves with the Arab Muslims. The attacks created an image of bloodthirsty, religious fanatic and animalistic Arab Muslims which saw their discrimination rampantly increase. The Council of American Islamic Relations reported that after 2001, hate crimes against Muslims tripled. The American government also closed down six charities belonging to American Muslims, following the attacks. There has also been unconscious discrimination in the criminal justice system where there has been detention and torture of suspected terrorists and this has mostly been applicable to Arab American Muslims. This was mostly seen in the controversial Guantanamo Bay prison. The stereotypes of Arab American Muslims according to the findings of this research are not true. Other studies have also proved that Arab American Muslims are very different from the terrorists. There are also many Arab American Muslims who have spoken openly against jiha and other extremist behavior. Most Muslims advocate that Islam is a religion of peace. Arab American Muslims are also from various countries with various cultures. They do not all come from Afghanistan or war torn areas. It was however observed in my research that Islam calls for modesty and conservatism and that is why the women have to cover their heads. The men do not however have to spot long beards or look like Osama bin Laden. The Arab American Muslim community is as diverse as any other community and they do not all fit in one pigeonhole. Having viewed movies and documentaries about the Middle East and especially the Muslim community, I had formed opinions and stereotypes about them. The September 11, 2001 also shaped most of my opinions about the community. I had not interacted with people of this community before, and there was no way of verifying the ideas and concepts that I had gathered from the media. This research has however helped me to interact with some members of the Arab American Muslim community. I have conducted interviews on their thoughts on racial bias in America and how at home they feel in America especially after the 2001 attacks. I have also visited websites such as alhewar.com which elaborate on the Arab American culture and dispels some of the myths held about the community in America. To fully understand the extent of the discrimination and the daily struggles of Muslim Arabs in America, I had to immerse myself in their culture. I decided to be one of the Muslims for a whole week. This meant t elling people that I was Muslim and dressing like one. I also walked together with the Muslim group of people that I had chosen to help me with the research. This experience proved to be quite enlightening and challenging at the same time. It was also worthwhile and gave me the opportunity to be able to experience everything first hand. Methodology The cyberspace has a lot of information on the Arab American Muslim community. This is where most of the information on this research was obtained from. The interviews with the Muslims were also a reliable and first hand source of information on the group. The research also relied on journal articles and television interviews and popular shows. As has been mentioned above, I researched about the Muslim Arab community by becoming one of them. The Muslim group of people who were my interviewees also served as my guides in order to make the experience more real. Everywhere we went, people understood that I was one of the Muslims and treated me as one. The Muslim community treated me with utmost hospitality even though they understood that I was not one of them. There were however stares from strangers on the streets and a shopkeeper once refused to serve us on the basis that he did not support terrorists. The discrimination was disheartening as it felt like an ambush on me even though I knew I was not a Muslim. This was the part that brought some apprehension on my part. This is because no one likes to be attacked or be discriminated against. The anxiety was also heightened by the outright confrontations from some members of the public some of whom clearly showed their disapproval of Islam. There was also anxiety at first about how the Muslims would respond to the issue of segregation, given the fact that it is still an emotive issue. I also had my doubts on the consequences of posing as a Muslim in America. The immersion however helped me get closer to the Muslim community and it helped develop a sense of trust between me and my Muslim colleagues. The Arab Muslims that I had interacted with also helped to point the places where they faced acute discrimination and emphasized that that was their daily struggle. During the interaction I found a peculiar thing that I did not expect. There were some Arab Muslims who had chosen to completely abandon their culture as a way of avoiding stereotyping and discrimination. There were also others who wished to go back to their countries of origin as they were afraid of profiling by the government. There were others who also secretly wished they were born in a different race as they were completely disgusted by the terrorists. This presented an issue of hatred of ones own race or ethnicity. I also asked the research group if they ever thought that the discrimination would come to an end eventually and if the law against discrimination was working in their favour. Most of them were of the idea that the discrimination was unlikely to end in this decade and that anti-discrimination laws did not seem to protect them from outright bias. They felt that the government had removed civil protection of Arab Muslims in America since the September 11 attacks. Findings My observations and interviews led me to the conclusion that the Arab American Muslim community has faced tremendous discrimination since 2001. The discrimination has been open in most cases and has led to serious psychological problems for some, for example the case of the man who disowned his ethnicity and Islam. Most of the Muslims would want to dispel the myth that they are all terrorists and extremists. My research on the Muslim culture also revealed that some of the Muslims were fourth generation Americans who had lived in America for a long period of time. They knew America as their home yet when they were seen on the streets people misconceived them as foreigners and worst still terrorists. The discrimination has had impact on the identity of some of the Muslims. Cainkar (23) states that some have preferred to conceal their identity by changing their names, for example one could change from Farouq to Fred. Others have also gone as far as disowning their families in order not to be identified with them. This has been made possible by the fact that Arab American Muslims without any other distinguishing features are considered Caucasian. The interviews and internet research also revealed that the government did not have a strong enough policy to curb the hate crimes and extreme discrimination against the Arab Muslims in America. This has mainly been attributed to the fact that in some cases, the government has been the biased party. The Muslims also revealed that they felt that the government viewed them as the enemies or relatives of the enemies. I also interviewed some members of the public on why they stereotyped Arab American Muslims as terrorists. Some people answered that even though they knew some of the Muslims were not terrorists, then maybe a brother or other relative back home was, making them equally terrorist. This reasoning appalled me because it seemed that going by this, then the families of the millions of criminals in America would also b e considered as criminals. The investigations also revealed that airports have been worst sites of discrimination for Arab American Muslims. This is because of the fact that the September 11 attacks were as a result of two planes that had been hijacked. The presence of a Muslim has therefore heightened anxiety at the airport and in some cases there are special security checks for them. Some are even removed from planes to be given thorough checking. This has culminated to less Muslim Arabs travelling into the country and within the country. The US Department of Justice issued an internal memo to the Immigration and Naturalization Service and US Customs in June 2002. This memo requested that Yemenis entering the US should be sought out in the airports and searched thoroughly. This requirement also applied to Yemeni Americans, and it saw many Yemeni travelers removed from planes and prevented from boarding. No stereotypes that I had before were confirmed during my exploration of the Arab American Muslim communit y. I realized at the end of the day that no human being is exactly the same as the other. Regardless of the many factors that bind people in a particular ethnicity or race, there were many other different characteristics distinguishing each individual. To work from further judgment of the Arab Americans more so the Muslims, I have decided to access websites and read books to know more about the culture. The colleagues I made from the investigation have also immensely helped me understand many of the things I did not. Conclusion This exploration project has helped me to find out a lot more than I could write in this paper. It has also helped me discover more about myself and my own culture. I learnt that discrimination can have far reaching consequences that society does not contemplate. I also learnt that stereotyping and segregation is painful and I understood civil rights movements such as that of Martin Luther King much more clearly. The discrimination of Arab American Muslims has been under-addressed unlike that of blacks in the earlier years. This is mainly because of the terrorist attacks and this has generated pain and suffering. It is clear that many Americans died during the September 2001 attacks, but hatred and segregation of innocent people will definitely not solve the problem of terrorism. The real terrorist culprits should be captured, investigated and sentenced. This was exercised during the Oklahoma City 1998 bombings, where the real culprits were captured. Whidden (2829) states that the Ok lahoma City bombings were the worst in Americas history. He also states that Arab American terrorists have been responsible for only a few bombings in American soil since 1984; most terrorist attacks being executed by Americans themselves. This is not to condone or promote terrorism but what I learnt is that in the same way one would not want to pay for the mistakes of another person, Arab Muslims in America would not want to pay for the mistakes of the Al Qaeda or any other terrorist group. Justice should be afforded to all American citizens regardless of their race or ethnicity. There have however been some positive changes since the 2001 attacks and Americans are trying to learn more about Islam. We have to look for the commonalities that unite as Americans instead of erecting differences and tolerating each other (Jamal). Buy custom Exploration of the Arab-American Muslim Community essay

Placement of Older Adults Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Placement of Older Adults - Research Paper Example They keys areas are tare his chances of falling while taking the flight stairs, chances of been depressed and how Mr.Trosack will take his multiple medications that is (polypharmacy).These are the main major points that need to be focused by the case manager and his team and his interdisciplinary team for them to have an effective discharge schedule/plan. Each team player has to carry out a specific role in this case study to have positive results on Mr. Trosacks considering him as a case of social isolation. The family of Mr. Trosack interview will check whether it is capable of proving good care is the patient is discharged from the hospital. The case study team has to very keen on cases of depression which might affect his situation in recovering, there must also be therapist ,a person who will prescribe his medication(pharmacist) and an assistant who will take care of him while at home. After gathering all this information a suitable discharge plan will be recommended and a disch arge plan placement will be effected. (Idler & Benyamini1997). Members of Interdisciplinary Team The interdisciplinary teams in Mr.Trosacks case should comprise of the case manager who liaise the interdisciplinary team to craft out successful discharge plan for Mr.Trosacks.The specific duties for the interdisciplinary teams are outlined. In this case the patient is isolated while recovering from hip surgery, and the case or effects of isolation are known.The interdisciplinary team should include the following case manager that is the nurse, therapist and pharmacist. Roles of Interdisciplinary Team Therapist A therapist is someone who helps you understand problem related to your illness and helps see the positive side of life. In the interdisciplinary team there will be the therapist who would administer therapy into Mr. Trosacks will be able make him understand his specific needs as a patient and offer him hopeful solutions for change throughout the therapy formality. Pharmacist A p harmacist administers medicines to patients when a doctor recommends it and advices patients on correct prescription while taking their medicines. The pharmacist will ensure that Mr.Trosacks takes his medication on time and will from time to time check whether there are any side effects. Home care co-coordinator. Mr.Trosack will need a homecare co-coordinator who will be assisting small errand s mainly involving picking of grocery, will also be assisting Mr. Trosacks with the walker who will walking in his apartment because there is no elevator. The safety issues that could affect determination discharge plan include social isolation and this could affect his recovery plan due to depression. Mr.Trosacks lives alone ismall apartment which is clustered and there is little room for his walker, also the bathroom is tiny and there is no safety features which might help him in case of any accident. The bathroom cabinet where he keeps his medicine has old prescription medicine and this mig ht confuse him if he comes home and puts the new medicaments together with the old medicine. To get into the apartment you have to take the stairs and this will pose a great danger to Mr.Trosacks as he has to use a walker while climbing down the stairs or up the stairs and he may assistance of someone. Family ability to care for Mr.Trosack The basic safety mode of Mr.Trosack is after replacement of his hip is for his son and the wife to take care of Mr.Trosack. His family does not visit Mr.Trosack quite often and the small apartment is cluttered. Mr Trosack is diabetic and the need for nursing assistance is needed, but Mr.Trosack maintains that is capable of taking care of himself. There are several

One of the Major EA Frameworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

One of the Major EA Frameworks - Essay Example to the Zachman Framework is that the same composite issue or item can be explained for diverse reasons in diverse ways using diverse types of descriptions. These descriptions can be for instance textual or graphical (Goldberg, 2008). The Zachman Framework gives the thirty six essential categories for wholly describing everything; especially complex issues such as manufactured products like appliances, constructed structures like buildings and enterprises like the associations and all of its technologies, people and goals. The framework gives six diverse transformations of a theoretical thought, not growing in factors, but transforming from six diverse views. It permits diverse individuals to look at similar issues from diverse views. This sets a holistic perspective of the atmosphere, a vital capability illustrated in the framework design (Goldberg, 2008). In 2001, the Zachman Framework was employed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (USDVA). The required methodology in all aspects of the VA enterprises varied from data, business processes, location, technical, personnel and perspective requirements. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Department of Veterans Affairs planned to execute an architectural project fully based on the Zachman Framework. In 2001, this Framework was used as a reference replica to commence the enterprise architectural planning. Somewhere in between, the Veterans Affair Zachman Framework Portal was created. In addition, the Veterans Affair Framework Portal is still in use as a reference replica for instance in the determination of EA information collected from various businesses and project source documents (Donald 2008). The Zachman Framework has vastly been used as a means of providing structures for Information... This paper researches on Zachman Framework and explains its strengths and weaknesses. The researcher of this essay also includes the framework’s purpose, scope, principles, and the kinds of structures it uses, as appropriate to the framework. The essay also aims to include at least two examples of organizations that have used the framework and briefly discuss them. Views give the mechanism of obtaining information concerning the relationships that are vital in the architecture. Methods state the individuals who organize and gather information. They build the views in a means that helps guarantee the accuracy, integrity and completeness. Experience and training sustains the application of tools and use of varying methods. The Zachman Framework is an EA framework for enterprise architecture. It provides an official and greatly planned way of presenting and defining an enterprise. It has two dimensional sorting matrix based on the connection of six communication phrases. These ph rases are what, why, when, where, how and who with six rows with an agreement to rectify changes. The Zachman Framework is not a methodology. This is because it does not entail any specified process or method of collection, management, or using the data that it explains. This framework is named after its designer John Zachman, who developed the impression in the 80s at IBM. By applying the Zachman Framework to Service Oriented Architecture, the SO architect creates a framework for accepting the connection among the diverse elements of a successful SOA.

Comparison of the surfer - judith wright and strictly ballroom Essay Example for Free

Comparison of the surfer judith wright and strictly ballroom Essay In order to feel a true sense of belonging, one must endure and overcome challenges, for in doing so they gain an appreciation of self and self worth. Conversely, those who do not test themselves and the barriers, can only experience a superficial sense of belonging that can not result in a deep connection. Judith Wright’s poem â€Å"The Surfer† presents an individual who puts himself up against the waves everyday, and thrives on the feeling he gets when he conquers them. Luhrman’s film â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† is focused around the standards of ballroom dancing by which an individual must abide in order to be accepted; the protagonist, Scott Hastings, finds in Spanish dance, a passion that allows him to successfully act against these norms. Both â€Å"The Surfer† and â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† notably exemplify the awareness and appreciation of self and self worth that is achieved from triumphing over challenges and to reach an enhanced sense of fulfillment. PARA 1- the surfer As a consequence of persistence and endurance, difficult tasks can be conquered and this can significantly benefit the individual, heightening their sense of self worth and consciousness of belonging. This idea is portrayed in â€Å"The Surfer†, as the individual defeats the waves everyday, although undergoing pain every time. The euphoric feeling he gets as he rides the wave is worth the pain he suffers. As the surfer dives through the wave, a shock of pain is to be born, as with â€Å"thorns in the face, stinging†. The use of kinesthetic imagery conveys to the reader just how harsh the pain is and â€Å"the gulls went wheeling in air as he did in water, with delight† is symbolic of freedom. The comparison made between the two, shows that he is not bound by restrictions.The word choice â€Å"delight† is also important as it evokes the significant amount of joy that the surfer feels when in the water. Wright uses the metaphor â€Å"last leaf of gold† to imply that the last moments of belonging must come to an end and in doing so has conveyed to the reader, all of the surfers hard work has given him a greater sense of belonging. It is evident that the surfer endures and overcomes his challenges, and through this he truly appreciates the outcome and the  achievement he attains. PARA 2- strictly ballroom A heightened sense of belonging through the overcoming of challenges are also seen in Strictly Ballroom. The main character; Scott works through the spanish dance culture with Fran to defeat the authority and therefore giving him the power and fulfillment of individuality he would not have gotten any other wise if he did not object and take upon the risks. The challenge of authority is established in the lingering gaze between Barry Fife and Scott Hastings. Both have facial expression of intent which intensifies the difficulty that Scott is confronted with to win over the federation. His acceptance of the challenge is demonstrated as he steps out of the spot light after dancing in and out, it is symbolic of his fight to whether he will be a follower or he will go his own way. His dance moves acquired from the spanish culture enhance his and his partners confidence shown in the medium close up shot as Fran and Scott spin around holding each other, their true happiness, tenacity and passion act as a substantial threat. They’re efforts are rewarded at the end when the diagetic sound of doug clapping is heard and a round of applause erupts, symbolizing the changing heart of the dance world and the respect and acceptance of the new dance moves. As a result of taking risks and overthrowing authority, Scott enlightened the ballroom dancers and deepened his sense of self worth to have a rightful place within the dance world. PARA 3- comparison and contrast Challenges faced by the Wright and Luhrmans protagonists represent barriers which restrict them from discovering or achieving an awareness and appreciation of a genuine sense of belonging. The texts reveal the unique obstacles they encounter and the ways they deal with them to achieve a deepened sense of self and self worth. Scott is oppressed by the federation, he breaks the rules by dancing the pace doble with an outcast, Fran, who becomes his support. This is depicted at the pan pacific grand final, as Barry Fife says â€Å"That is the future of dance sport, and no one but no one is  going to change that†. This dialogue is significant to the following scene as the camera cuts to a long shot of Fran and Scott posing confidently wearing colours of red, suggesting courage and gold, demonstrating strength. The costuming used shows they have contradicted Fifes statement and weakened the federation, as seen in the high camera angle and costuming as Fife falls down in a blue coa t that symbolizes power. Therefore, proving that Fran and Scotts persistence and development have allowed them to break down the barriers of their challenges. Whereas the surfer needs to overcome his physical pain to be successful in his challenge, in order to achieve fulfillment, Scott, by comparison, needs to both build his own confidence through practice and refinement of his craft and overcome the rules of the federation. The surfers minimum amount of time before he rides a wave into shore is crucial and is symbolic of his connection he has made to the surf. â€Å"Last leaf of gold† is metaphorical for the remaining time he has before the sun goes down. The word choice of â€Å"gold† shows that he savors the time and appreciates the fulfillment he has achieved from his efforts. It is evident that to achieve fulfillment, Scott must overcome the rules of the Federation with confidence and passion whereas the surfer needs to overcome his own physical pain resulting in a more complex understand ing of belonging. CONCLUSION- summary of points The barriers and challenges presented, notably enhance the understanding and appreciation of the outcomes. Luhrman and Wrights protagonists have significantly portrayed how challenges influence the overall achievement of the individual. Through going against the federation by performing illegal steps in which prove to be of more value, Scott achieves a greater degree of appreciation of self and self worth. Where as the surfer suffers the discomfort of the challenge and pushes through them due to his understanding of the achievement that will come through his perseverance. Ultimately, a true sense of belonging is obtained through the endurance of challenges and the overcoming of barriers to attain a genuine insight of self and self worth.

Irony in All Kings Men Essays -- Literacy Analysis

William Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men is novel that explores the political society and its influences. Like several politicians in modern society, several characters have qualities that seem unsuitable to the impression that have made. These ironies in All the King’s Men reveal how the characters have flaws, which can result in critical consequences. Jack Burden, Adam Stanton, Judge Irwin and Willie Stark are characters that with ironic traits. Jack Burden is known as the â€Å"student of history† ( Warren 372). The very fact that he is a historian is ironic, as he has come from an aristocratic and reputable family and grew up in Burden’s Landing. However, Jack lacks the ambition needed to excel in life and works for Willie, despite the disapproval of this family. He â€Å"not only lacks ambition, but all ‘essential confidence’ in himself† (Bloom 132). If he had ambition, he could have married Anne Stanton earlier, as Anne would always tell him to â€Å"go on back to State and finish up† and then she will marry him â€Å"even before [he] gets [his] law degree† (448). Yet, Jack forced himself to get kicked out of school. Even as a historian, Jack cannot deal with new things he learns about people he is closely associated with. After he learned that Lois was actually a person and not â€Å"merely a luscious machine† he went into one of series of the Great Sleep ( Warren 459). After he learned about Anne Stanton and Willie’s affair, Jack temporarily escaped to the West because â€Å"when [people] don’t like whey [the] are [they] always go West† (Warren 464). Jack was not able to cope with this news that he had to leave to relieve his mind. In addition, as a historian, he does not delve into his own past. Concerning his father, he only knew that the Scholarl... ... its characters. These ironic flaws contribute to their sufferings throughout the novel. The flaws of Willie Stark, Adam Stanton and Judge Irwin led to the ultimate punishment, death, and Jack Burden’s flaws led to temporarily losing his love, Anne Stanton. Works Cited Baker, Joseph E. â€Å"Irony in Fiction: ‘All the King’s Men.’† College English. Vol. 9. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Bloom, Harold. â€Å"’The Case of the Upright Judge’: The Nature of Truth in All the King's Men.† Robert Penn Warren’s â€Å"All the King’s Men.† Questia School. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Martin, Glenn. â€Å"Diction in Warren’s ‘All the King’s Men.’† The English Journal. Vol. 58. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011. Warren, Robert Penn. All the King’s Men. Orlando: Harcourt Inc., 1996. Wright, Andrew H. â€Å"Irony and Fiction.† The Journal of Aestetics and Art Criticism.Vol.12. JSTOR. Web. 06 Dec. 2011.

Marketing Mix of Mcdonalds

Marketing Mix Marketing mix must focus on the product, pricing, promotion, and placement of item in order to make it successful. Marketing strategies must feature customer orientation, input, and accessibility in the fight to the top of the market. McDonald's is no different. An example of this is illustrated with a comparison of McDonalds and Wendy's. At first glance, they may appear to have roughly the same marketing mix and target markets. Both are fast food and provide similar products. However, looking closer, one can recognize that McDonald's primary target market is children ages 3-11 and their parents. McDonald's understood that the parent was making the purchasing decision, most likely based on price. What McDonald's marketing executives did was ingenious. They put a $. 50 toy in with the hamburger, french fries, and drink and gave it a special name, the â€Å"Happy Meal†. Then McDonald's marketed the Happy Meal to the kids. If you have you ever asked your child where to buy a Happy Meal, they will tell you that there is only one place you can buy one, and that is at Fun McFactsWhen Was Your McDonald's Favorite Introduced? 1955 – Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, shakes, soft drinks, coffee and milk 1963 -Filet-O-Fish 968 -Big Mac and Hot Apple Pie 1973 -Quarter Pounder and Egg McMuffin 1974 -McDonaldland Cookies 1977 -Breakfast Menu 1978 -Sundaes 1979 -Happy Meals 1983 -Chicken McNuggets 1986 -Biscuit Sandwiches 1987 -Salads 1998 -McFlurry Desserts 1999 -Breakfast Bagels 2000 -Chicken McGrill and Crispy Chicken 2001 -Big N' Tasty 2003 -Premium Salads, Newman's Own ® salad dressings and McGriddles 2004 -2004 Chicken Selects ® Premium Breast Strips McDonald's. McDonald's has Ronald McDonald, playgrounds or PlayPlaces, â€Å"Happy Meals,† and fun advertisements with brightly colored â€Å"Fry Guys† or the â€Å"Cheese Burgerler†. Contrastingly, Wendy's targets a more adult market and the restaurants represent a more mature atmosphere with carpet floors and Dave Thomas advertisements. Wendy's does have children's meals that offer a toy, but overall the atmosphere attracts a different demographic group. McDonald's restaurants have a variety of strategies that apply to product, placement, promotion, and price that makes them one of the most successful, well-recognized organizations in the world. Product Strategies McDonald's marketing strategies should be looked at historically in order to see the larger picture of the firm's success. There have been so many strategies since the inception of the firm that it is difficult to account for them all, the two most memorable are the development of the â€Å"Golden Arches† and â€Å"Ronald McDonald†. These two icons have given customers a mental image of what to look for when they want quality food for a low price fast. The firm revolutionized the fast food industry and positioned itself as the market leader with low-priced, quality food and provided an entertaining atmosphere for the children. These things were what that the market wanted at the time and the firm answered in spades. The perceived secret of McDonald's success is the willingness to innovate, even while striving to achieve consistency in the operation of its many outlets. For example, its breakfast menu, salads, Chicken McNuggets, and the McLean Deluxe sandwich were all examples of how the company tried to appeal to a wider range of consumers. The long history of innovation and experimentation resulted in new profit centers like Chicken McNuggets and the breakfast menu. Innovation and experimentation also produced some disappointments like the McLean Deluxe, but inevitably experimentation in limited outlets provides McDonald's a way to retain its key strengths-quality and consistency-while continuing to evolve. The use of franchising, again, provides various perspectives that, in turn, lead to innovation for products and solutions. Franchisees agree to operate their restaurants in the â€Å"McDonald's way† but there remains room for innovation. Many ideas for new menu items come from franchisees responding to customer demand. Developing new products is crucial to any business even those that successfully relied on a limited menu for many years. As consumer tastes change, menu innovation injects enthusiasm allowing the firm to explore markets previously overlooked or ignored. The â€Å"Egg McMuffin†, for example, was introduced in 1971. This item enabled McDonald's to accommodate consumers of the breakfast market. Filet-o-Fish, Drive-thrus, and Playlands were all products or concepts developed by franchisees. McDonald's tries a few new concepts simultaneous in different parts of the country to find the most promising new menu item. Those with the most potential could be rolled out further, while the ineffective ideas could be left to die quickly. This strategy may be expensive, but the potential to unleash new areas of growth in a maturing market seems to be right in line with what McDonald's has always done. In addition to the local flavors that have been created in the US, McDonald's international restaurants have been conforming to local, regional, and ethnic tastes, too. In a recent McDonald's case study this was explained further: â€Å"For example, ‘Maharaja McBurger' is a vegetarian burger marketed in India. The special requirements for ‘Kosher' foods are followed in Israel. Similarly, McDonald's offers ‘Halal' food in Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. During promotions, McDonald's also introduces several other products. For example, its ‘Prosperity Burger' is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore at the time of the Chinese New Year celebrations. In order to respond to the growing phenomenon of health consciousness, McDonald's has moved in favor of lean ground beef, 100% vegetable oil, 1% low-fat milk, low sodium, and low fat This product strategy shows that McDonald's is interested in becoming part of the culture and is looking for ways to appeal to the market internationally. McDonald's menu is based on five main ingredients: beef, chicken, bread, potatoes and milk. Their main products are hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, fries, and beverages. In addition, they serve a variety of breakfast items and desserts. Every McDonald's is uniform; you know exactly what you will get no matter what store you go in to. Although McDonald's has thousands of restaurants around the world, it standardizes menus and operating procedures in these restaurants to insure consistency throughout. To maintain consistency in the current menu while the firm tests new products to expand the product line, McDonald's relies on test marketing new menu items in pilot locations. New products are rigorously market tested so that the franchisee will have a reasonable idea of its potential before it is dded to the menu. The introduction of new products, which have already been researched and tested, considerably reduces the risk for the franchisee. The franchisees additionally benefit from the extensive national market research programs that assess consumer attitudes and perceptions. What products do they want to buy and at what price? How are they performing compared to their competitors? This approach allows the firm to id entify which items are likely to prove popular with consumers while ensuring that the company can deliver new products with consistent quality nationwide. McDonald's already has a history of doing this so it will not require major changes to its operations strategy-at least initially. If the product line-up gets too large, then the task of maintaining quality becomes exponentially harder. The trick is to consider how to eliminate some of the existing menu items when you introduce new ones, while making sure the staff is fully trained in how to execute these products successfully. McDonald's serves the world some of its favorite foods – Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets, and the Egg McMuffin. To this end, McDonald's had done well with a limited product range. Declining per unit sales and competitors gaining ground, may indicate that McDonald's menu needs a face-lift. One way to do that is by inserting a couple of new, highly promoted menu items. This would refresh the product menu and provide new, satisfying experience for dinner consumers. McDonald's has the opportunity to apply its core competencies of rigorous adherence to quality standards and continual promotion of experimentation in new venues. Imagine McDonald's opening a new casual dining restaurant under a different name, like Mac's, and sliding away from the fast food industry. The firm could franchise that concept nationwide and target the market of consumers who have grown past fast food. McDonald's, or Mac's, meticulous approach to operations would ensure that consumers everywhere would experience the same dining experience at each restaurant. This consistency presents a wonderful advantage for consumers who don't want to be surprised with a bad meal. Consumers would expect the same as they do currently with McDonald's-the Big Mac in Minneapolis is the same as the one in Beijing . Placement Strategies McDonald's focuses on store placement and are always looking for the best locations. This strategy created some weakness in the last 10 years because it seemed that too many stores were put in some areas, cannibalizing sales from the other McDonald's. The company has also made convenience a focus, not only through how fast it serves customers, but also in the location of its outlets. Freestanding restaurants are positioned so that you are never more than a few minutes away by foot in the city or by car in the suburbs. In addition, McDonald's is tucking restaurants into schools, stores, and more . Because McDonald's has pretty well saturated the U. S. arket, it's only real opportunities for growth lie abroad, where the competition is not so cutthroat or by introducing new restaurant concepts under brands other than McDonald's. The organization's overall objective is to increase market share. In this instance, the focus is purely on localization with different strategies for different countries. Pricing could not possibly be standardized across the globe without aliena ting many countries with poorer economies, thus defeating the initial objective. McDonald's set an appropriate price for their product by looking at its competitors in each country. McDonald's is attempting to localize marketing communications due to the realization that it couldn't possibly appeal to all countries at the same time. The firm sees the necessity to â€Å"brand globally, act locally†. For example, in China it was recognized that advertising on television would be a waste of money because commercials between programs are generally ignored. Instead, McDonald's uses newspapers and magazines to promote its image. Similarly, in East Asia, McDonald's targets children in order to gain optimum results. Of course, the ultimate message (brand) is the same; the medium is what is strategically modified. Pricing Strategies McDonald's strategy is to offer quality food quickly to customers at a good value. The pricing structure for McDonald's over years has supported this message. The company strives to differentiate itself from other fast food restaurants by offering a variety of menu items that appeal to a variety of people from those who just want great hamburgers, to those who just want a quick healthy meal. McDonald's differentiates itself by offering a dollar menu, combination meals, and a free toy with Happy Meals McDonald's, over the years, has also ran many promotions to increase traffic or product sales. For instance, the most recent roll out has been the 2004 Chicken Selects premium Breast Strips. Right now, you can go to your local McDonald's and â€Å"try them free. † With this new product is offered a variation of the â€Å"usual† sauces for the Chicken Nuggest – a Chipotle Barbeque sauce is most commonly advertised. Another promotion was the â€Å"Campaign 55† where diners could buy a featured sandwich, like the Big Mac in April, for 55 cents when purchased with fries and a drink. This campaign wasn't as successful as the fast food giant found would have hoped. Many other promotions with food, toys, collectibles, videos, and other prizes have been used by McDonald's restaurants over the past 50-plus years. These promotions, some better than others, have helped to keep McDonald's growing and gaining in the fast food world. Value has been an area in which McDonald's has strengthened over time, not only with customers, but within their distribution, channel management, and logistics strategies as well Distribution, Channel Management, and Logistics. A company the size of McDonald's requires the value chain to be increasingly important. Not only does McDonald's want to add value for the customers, but also the firm looks for ways to improve the operations that makes McDonald's a more efficient business. Promotion Strategies McDonald's knows that some customers go to its stores to take a quick break from their day's activities and not because McDonald's made the food ten seconds faster than their competitors could. Therefore, McDonald's marketing executives then put together the phrase, â€Å"Have you had your break today? † They continued to develop this idea with â€Å"You deserve a break today,† and now are in the â€Å"I'm Lovin' It! mantra. â€Å"I'm Lovin' It! † doesn't seem to have as much punch as the earlier catch phrase, which still seems to be the favorite. McDonald's sees the use of these catch phrases and the use of the Golden Arches as a very successful way of differentiating the restaurants from other fast food competitors. McDonald's has taken price competition out of the picture because the customer feels they have gotten quality, convenience, service, and value – and McDonald's still makes you feel like you are getting a break in your hectic day. Creating catch phrases are only one kind of promotion, and McDonald's uses many kinds of promotions to keep the restaurants at the top of the industry. With the rise of health consciousness it has become more difficult McDonald's to compete because their reputation brands them as cheap food served fast . The firm's response to obesity claims against the organization and other unfavorable public sediment is to add healthier items to their menu and promote and offer health-conscious alternatives to the â€Å"would you like fries with that† legacy. In addition, McDonald's has modernized their advertisements, pamphlets, and website to include nutritional information and addressing diet restrictions. Breaking the unhealthy association is difficult on its own, but with media and movies such as â€Å"Supersize Me† adding to the fray, McDonald's has had to look for alternative strategies to keep consumers happy. Another promotional strategy McDonald's uses is the huge investment in sponsorship. This is also a central part of the image building process. Sponsorship of the 1998 football World Cup, the Premier League and the European Championships increases awareness of McDonald's brand . However, McDonald's still follows Ray Kroc's community beliefs today, supporting the Tidy Britain Group and the Groundwork Trust, as well as local community activities. McDonald's has become a known community partner with Ronald McDonald Houses across the nation for the use of families whose children are hospitalized and getting treatment far from home. This organization has created an image of partnership and community investment with these and other kinds of philanthropic activities . Rob Leavitt, ITSMA e-zine editor, reported in the June 2004 edition that Larry Light, McDonald's Chief Marketing Officer, railed against those claiming brands must have only one identity that appeals to increasingly fragmented audiences. Leavitt also reported, â€Å"Identifying one brand positioning, communicating it in a repetitive manner, is old-fashioned, out-of-date, out-of-touch brand communication,† he said. A brand is multidimensional. No one communication, no one message can tell a whole brand story. † According to Light, marketers that continue to follow a simplistic mass marketing approach are committing â€Å"brand suicide†. Determining which way to market McDonald's and its products is a very important decision that can either cause products to fail or take flight. These same decisions must be made in regards to the ma rketing of the company as a whole. Strategy is the name of this game.